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Patients with kidney stones should increase fluid intake to at least 2 L per 24 hours Kidney stone type should be identified when possible even on initial stone occurrence Urine characteristics
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Although all types of urinary stones can potentially form staghorn calculi approximately 75% are composed of a struvite carbonate apatite matrix Struvite is magnesium ammonium phosphate a Swedish geologist named Ulex discovered the substance in bat droppings and named it after his friend and mentor the 19th century Russian diplomat and naturalist Baron von Struve
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Nanobacteria produce carbonate apatite on their cell walls Data on Randall s plaques suggest that apatite may initiate kidney stone formation We assessed nanobacteria in 72 consecutively collected kidney stones from Finnish patients Methods Nanobacteria and kidney stone units were compared using scanning electron microscopy SEM
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In kidney stones carbonate CO 3 substitutes for some of the phosphate making a mineral that is relatively poorly crystallized Its formula in kidney stones is usually given as Ca 5 PO 4 CO 3 3 F OH Cl Well crystallized or not apatite often forms the nucleus upon which other urinary minerals are deposited
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What causes calcium hydroxyapatite deposition Hydroxyapatite HA crystal deposition disease HADD is a well recognized systemic disease of unknown etiology that is caused by para articular and/or intra articular deposition of HA crystals
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Struvite stones also called infection stones or Mg NH4 carbonate apatite stones only form when urease producing bacteria are present in the upper urinary tract Dr Curhan noted Complete stone removal is required and further stones can be prevented by preventing urinary tract infections UTIs he said
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Aug 23 2021The two forms of calcium phosphate include apatite sometimes reported as carbonate apatite which is the crystal type found in bone or calcium hydrogen phosphate brushite the frequency of apatite is much greater than brushite Calcium phosphate crystals in the urine sediment are typically dark and amorphous
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Here is an overview of potential complications associated with struvite kidney stones Need for blood transfusions Post op or post procedure infections Adjacent organ injury spleen colon
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Struvite stones also called infection stones or Mg NH 4 carbonate apatite stones only form when urease producing bacteria are present in the upper urinary tract Dr Curhan noted Complete stone removal is required and further stones can be prevented by preventing urinary tract infections UTIs he said
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Several factors increase the likelihood of finding HPT in a patient who has made stones Female sex Stone formation beginning after age 50 years Presence of apatite particularly carbonate apatite in stone analysis Family history of multiple endocrine disorders
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Does calcium hydroxyapatite cause kidney stones Calcium phosphate stones can be further classified as brushite or hydroxyapatite Brushite stones cannot be broken down easily and treatment with shock wave therapy is not suitable for these kinds of stones Comparatively hydroxyapatite stones can block the kidneys and cause damage to kidney cells
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Coarsely crystalline apatite is usually restricted to pegmatites gneiss derived from sediments rich in carbonate minerals skarns or marble Apatite is also found in clastic sedimentary rock as grains eroded out of the source rock
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classification of stones by etiology 5 infection stones magnesium ammonium phosphate carbonate apatite ammonium urate noninfection stones calcium oxalates calcium phosphate uric acid stones arising from genetic defects cystine xanthine 2 8 dihydroxyadenine drug stones classification of stones by composition mineralogy 5
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Score /5 22 votes Hydroxyapatite is a naturally occurring form of the mineral calcium apatite—calcium phosphorous and oxygen—that grows in hexagonal hydroxyapatite is white in color It makes up most of the human bone structure builds tooth enamel and collects in tiny amounts in part of the brain
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Calcium phosphate crystals thought to originate in the medullary interstitium make their way to the renal papillae The result is Randall s plaques which serve as a nidus for
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It is caused by cystinuria a kidney disease that you inherit from your parents Struvite is the most uncommon type of stone It usually forms after a urinary tract infection UTI Kidney stones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pea and sometimes even larger Very small stones may pass out of your body when you urinate pee
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In 51 patients in whom the carbonate content of apatite could be measured carbonate in the apatite was weakly predictive of positive stone culture with an optimal cutoff value of % carbonate sensitivity specificity In positive cultures of stones all mineral types combined organisms that characteristically produce urease
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[5 9] These stones are composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite The basic precondition for the formation of infected stones is a urease positive urinary tract infection As a result ammonium ions can form and at the same time alkaline urine develops Both are preconditions for the formation of struvite and carbonate apatite crystals
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Look at other dictionaries staghorn calculus — stag·horn calculus stag hȯ ə rn n a large renal calculus with multiple irregular branches a branched stone forming a cast of the collecting system of the kidney and therefore filling the calyces and pelvis The stone is usually associated Medical dictionary >staghorn calculus — noun a calculus that branches in the shape of a
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Kidney stones composed predominantly 50% or more of calcium phosphate constitute up to 10% of all stones and 15% 20% of calcium stones 80% of which are composed of calcium oxalate Patients with carbonate apatite as a component of stones should have urinary tract infection ruled out particularly if it exists combined with struvite
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Kidney stones are solid masses that form in the kidney when there are high levels of calcium oxalate cystine or phosphate and too little liquid There are different types of kidney stones Your healthcare provider can test your stones to find what type you have Calcium oxalate stones are caused by too much oxalate in the urine
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Oct 6 2022From SEM images black pigment stones showed a fragile spherulitic and porous like structure EDS analysis simultaneously revealed the presence of calcium carbonate which consists of % of CO 2 and % of CaO Using XRD they could also identify the polymorph aragonite which is the most common polymorph of CaCO 3
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Urinary infections and kidney stones can be related in two important ways Infections can be the direct cause of stones or can develop in a patient with a non infection related kidney stone Infection stones can also contain carbonate apatite and monoammonium urate These stones can become quite large and fill up an entire kidney They are
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remove the sharp material placing it in a sharps container Wipe up the remaining bleach solution with paper towels Dispose soiled paper towels gloves and overshoes in the biohazard waste bin Decontaminate safety goggles where necessary with a diluted disinfectant solution
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Struvite Calcium carbonate apatite Staghorn Obstructive pyelonephritis Kidney stones Urinary tract infection KEY POINTS Infection stones result from urease producing bacteria and are struvite and/or calcium carbonate apatite in composition Optimal management of infection stones is complete stone removal and failure to achieve com
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The process for generating carbonate apatite is quite simple involving a mixture of the inorganic ions CO 3 2− Ca 2 and PO 4 3− The resulting nanoparticles are highly stable at the physiological pH of and quickly degradable at acidic pH in the endosomal compartments of tumor cells
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High carbonate level of apatite in kidney stones implies infection but is it predictive Abstract The presence of infectious microorganisms in urinary stones is commonly inferred from stone composition especially by the presence of struvite in a stone The presence of highly carbonated apatite has also been proposed as a marker of the
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while kidney stones composed predominantly of calcium phosphate are less than 10 % of total stones the importance of this compound arises from the recent findings that calcium
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Some cases of severe kidney stones presumed to be ammonium urate resolved spontaneously following surgical shunt correction alone Monitoring Urine pH Calcium phosphate stones are commonly called apatite uroliths with hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite the most common They are radiographically dense so they are easily seen on X rays
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The main chemicals in a struvite stone include struvite magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium carbon apatite These stones can grow quickly and become quite large This can happen with few symptoms at first or little warning How can struvite stones be prevented To prevent future struvite stones your doctor may prescribe certain medicines
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